Bible Notes Online - Ezekiel 17 - ESV
Commentary

v1-2: Ezekiel given an allegory, or parable, of two eagles and a vine. The vine is frequently used to describe Israel. It also points us forward to Jesus Christ, the true vine.

The parable, given in v3-10, is explained in v11-21. The people of Judah are left in no doubt as to the meaning of the parable.

v3-4: See v12; Nebuchadnezzar, King of Babylon, the great eagle, an impressive bird. He removed the topmost shoot, the kings and nobles from Jerusalem, taking them to Babylon, the land of merchants, the city of traders.

v5-6: See v13-14; the seed of the land and the fertile soil refer to the treaty that was made, although under some pressure from Nebuchadnezzar. By this, Jerusalem was brought low, but also the survival of Israel was guaranteed.

v7-8: See v15; Judah looked to Egypt, sending envoys to get horses, breaking the treaty with Babylon, 2 Chr 36.13. This refers to the seed that was left in Judah, not the plant that was transplanted to Babylon.

v9-10: See v16-21; Zedekiah despised the covenant with Babylon, as he despised the covenant with God, see 16.59, and was therefore judged. Zedekiah looked to Pharaoh and to his own troops to bring deliverance, but they proved useless, "of no help."

The God of covenant expects His creation to honour His covenant.

As a result, the plant will wither away completely, as his troops are slaughtered, and the few survivors scattered.

v22-24: A tender branch is chosen (Is 53.2), a root out of dry ground. Birds of every sort will nest in its branches; speaking of the blessing that will spread world-wide through the person of Jesus Christ. The wording is also reflected in the parable of the mustard seed in Matt 13.32.