Bible Notes Online - Numbers 35 - ESV
Commentary

v1-5: The Levites, having no inheritance in the land, were to receive towns from each of the tribes in which to live. In this way Levi was scattered and dispersed, fulfilling the words of Moses in Gen 49.5-7.

v6: The cities of refuge were a part of the justice and mercy of God for His people.

‘Consider that the cities of refuge were erected for those that were dead in law, and that yet would live by grace, even for those that were to fly thither for life from the avenger of blood that pursueth after them.’ (John Bunyan, Come and welcome to Jesus Christ.)

v11-12: The cities of refuge were God's provision for the accidental man-slayer. The man so accused was safe until the time of his trial.

v14: There were also to be three cities of refuge east of the Jordan; such was God's mercy towards those who were truly Israelites, but who settled outside Canaan.

v16-21: Deliberate murder is different from manslaughter. The murderer may therefore be put to death for his crime. The cities of refuge provided no safety for such a man.

v22-25: The avenger of blood, a relative of the person killed, would make his case against the man-slayer. The trial would decide between the two. Where genuine manslaughter was decided then the man was safe, as long as he remained inside the city.

v28: The man guilty of manslaughter could only leave the city when the high priest died. This points us to Christ; for only through His death can our guilt be forgiven. The avenger of blood, the law, has no claim against us.

v30: Where the crime was murder, the guilty man could only be put to death on the testimony of two of more witnesses. This provided protection for an innocent man who was being 'framed'.

v31-33: Murder demanded the penalty of death, Gen 9.5-6, for man's blood had been shed. Failure to judge properly with a murderer would pollute the land. No sacrifice could be made, nor atonement provided, under the law, for such a man.

David had to learn this, for he was guilty of murder. God put away his sin; He accepted the sacrifice of a broken and contrite heart.