Bible Notes Online - Numbers 13 - ESV
Commentary

v1-2: God had promised the land of Canaan to the people, and nothing could change that. The intention of sending out the spies was to provide a foretaste of what was to come, to encourage the people to continue their journey. There was a also a test of their faith, that they might trust more in God.

The spies were all leaders from the tribes, listed v4-15; their report would therefore be believed. There were no Levites, as they had no inheritance in the land.

v17-20: Moses' instructions, that the spies search the land carefully, finding out about the people, the towns, and the crops.

v21-25: The description of their journey; they spent forty days exploring the land.

v26: The report was brought to the whole assembly.

v27: The land indeed flowed with milk and honey; see Ex 3.8. This was in contrast to the wilderness in which they were living.

v28-29: Opposition and bad news. Such discouragement will face those who want to go forward trusting God.

v30: Caleb had seen the same things, but realised that God could and would give them the land.

v31-33: The 10 spies emphasised and exaggerated the problem (for example, the description of the giants changed; compare v28 with v33). They spread their opinions amongst the people, which turned them against Moses. Their report teaches us more about their human attitudes than about the land itself.