Bible Notes Online - Numbers 13 - ESV
Commentary

v1-2: God had promised the land of Canaan to the people, and nothing could change that. The intention of sending out the spies was to provide a foretaste of what was to come, to encourage the people to continue their journey. There was a also a test of their faith, that they might trust more in God.

The spies were all leaders from the tribes, listed v4-15; their report would therefore be believed. There were no Levites, as they had no inheritance in the land.

v17-20: Moses' instructions, that the spies search the land carefully, finding out about the people, the towns, and the crops.

v21-25: The description of their journey; they spent forty days exploring the land.

v26: The report was brought to the whole assembly.

v27: The land indeed flowed with milk and honey; see Ex 3.8. This was in contrast to the wilderness in which they were living.

v28-29: Opposition and bad news. Such discouragement will face those who want to go forward trusting God.

v30: Caleb had seen the same things, but realised that God could and would give them the land.

v31-33: The 10 spies emphasised and exaggerated the problem (for example, the description of the giants changed; compare v28 with v33). They spread their opinions amongst the people, which turned them against Moses. Their report teaches us more about their human attitudes than about the land itself. They spread lies; they testified of death; and God gave them what they desired (Ps 106.13-15).