Bible Notes Online - Genesis 30 - ESV
Commentary

v1: Rachel's envy, and desire for fruitfulness. Like Hannah, she longs for a son; life is meaningless without a son, in that culture.

v2: Contrast 29.31; ultimately, God gives the increase; our part is to be faithful and diligent in prayer and service; and we look to Him to honour our faith. Jacob is angry, but he cannot solve the problem. As in 25.27-28, this is not a happy home.

v3-8: Children by Bilhah; Dan and Naphtali; another human solution which does not deal with the underlying envy and hurt. Rachel testifies of her conflict with Leah.

v9-13: Children by Zilpah; Gad and Asher.

v14-15: On-going rivalry between Rachel and Leah. This time the conflict concerns Reuben's mandrakes. Mandrakes are an aromatic, aphrodisiac plant.

v16-21: Through this rivalry, Leah is allowed to sleep with Jacob again. Issachar and Zebulun are born, and later Dinah, their daughter.

v22-24: At last Rachel's prayer is answered, her desire for a sin fulfilled. It is significant that the resulting son, Joseph, is the most godly of all Jacob's children. He is born through prayer and godly desire; the others by deceit (of Laban) and scheming (by Leah and Rachel giving their maidservants). Joseph is thus blessed above the others, separate from his brothers.

Jacob has now been with Laban about 20 years, see 31.38.

v25-36: The Lord has blessed Jacob, and Laban for Jacob's sake; this is another indication of God fulfilling His promises to Jacob. He now thinks it time to move away. His request for speckled and spotted sheep, dark coloured lambs, and spotted and speckled goats (v32) follows his previous scheme, described in v37-43, to increase and strengthen such animals.

Consider how those blessed by God interacted with those around them; Jacob and Laban, with deceit both ways; tension between Isaac and Abimelech.

In contrast,Joseph sems to have been the route of great blessing upon the household of Potiphar, Pharoah, and ultimately the whole nation of Egypt.

'Why have you deceived me?' - there was mutual deceit between Jacob and Laban; see Jacob's testimony in chapter 31.41.

v37-43: Jacob has been preparing for his departure. He had tended Laban's flock for years. The flock had grown, as Laban accepts (v27) and Jacob himself stated (v29-30). Clearly, Jacob is more skilled than Laban at raising sheep.

But both Laban and Jacob are guilty of scheming, manipulating circumstances for selfish purposes, and therefore both feel cheated in different circumstances.