Bible Notes Online - 1-Kings 22 - ESV
Commentary

v1-5: Three years of peace between Israel and Judah. Jehoshaphat, king of Judah, took the opportunity to visit Ahab. Ahab took the opportunity to ask for Jehoshaphat's help in recapturing Ramoth Gilead. Jehoshaphat was wrong to make a treaty with Ahab (v44), since he remained defiant against God, even with his recent change of heart.

However, Jehoshaphat sought the mind of the Lord. His willingness to support Ahab would be altered by what God had to say.

v6-7: Ahab still had 400 prophets. Jehoshaphat discerned that these were not prophets of the Lord. This time of repeated prophecy may well have lasted some hours (as in 18.26).

v8-9: Ahab still had at court Micaiah, a prophet of the Lord. But Ahab only wanted to hear "good concerning me", a common human problem, not wanting to receive rebuke and criticism.

Jehoshaphat's attitude was better, truly wanting to hear what God had to say. He gently rebuked Ahab for his attitude.

v10-12: All this time, the false prophets continued their words.

v13-14: Even before he came before the king, Micaiah reminded the messenger who had brought him that he would only speak what the Lord God had said. There was pressure to conform, and he was prepared to stand alone.

v15-16: At first, Micaiah ironically repeated the words of the false prophets. He did not been Ahab's rebuke, for he would deliver what God had said.

v17-18: Micaiah was faithful, even though he knew that the message would displease the king.

v19-23: Micaiah claimed a clear authority from God. He also judged the 400 prophets as false, being inspired by the lying spirit. Further, he prophesied Ahab's death in the battle.

v24-25: Micaiah was unpopular with the other prophets; he probably already was!

v26-27: Micaiah was then imprisoned for his words.

v28: Even in being taken away to the prison cell, Micaiah was faithful to God. He was willing that his words be tested. He finished with a final warning to the gathered people, prophets, and probably advisers to the kings.

v29-30: It seems strange that Jehoshaphat actually went into the battle, after the words of Micaiah. Ahab went disguised, no doubt hoping that Jehoshaphat would attract the attention of the enemy.

v31-33: The 32 captains had replaced the 32 kings (20.16,24), an indication of the accuracy of God's word. Their instructions were understandable. Once they attacked Jehoshaphat, they realised that he was not the king of Israel.

v34-36: A nameless archer aimed at a target; he did not know that it was the king of Israel, yet doubtless God did. Just as God had protected Jehoshaphat, the faithful king, He led Ahab, the wicked king, to his death.

The battle continued, since it was only the 32 captains of Aram who had been instructed to fight against the king. At dusk, Israel realised that there was defeat, and each one fled to his own city, fulfilling Micaiah's word (v17).

v37-38: The king returned to Samaria, where he died. Dogs licked his blood, as prophesied.

v39-40: Ahab's reign was notable only for its sin.

v41-47: Commendation upon Jehoshaphat. He continued the reforming works of Asa, his father. In contrast with the terrible reigns of Omri and Ahab, these two kings in Judah brought a period of godliness and righteousness.

v48-50: Solomon had run trading ships (9.26), an apparently temporary measure, as it occurred at the height of Israel's influence and power in trade. Evidently this fell into disuse. Jehoshaphat's attempt to re-start it failed. Later, Edom captured the port - probably referred to in 2 Kings 8.20..

He was wise, however, in refusing assistance from Israel.

v51-53: Ahaziah continued the bad influence of his father.