Bible Notes Online - Ezra 8 - ESV
Commentary

v1-14: The list of those who returned with Ezra; around 1500 males; with women and children this would have been around 5000. Many were descendants from royal and priestly lines.

Many already had relatives living in Jerusalem, who had returned with Zerubbabel;

Parosh (v3; 2.3); Pahath-Moab (v4; 2.6); Adin (v6; 2.15); Elam (v7; 2.7); Shephatiah (v8; 2.4); Bebai (v11; 2.11); Azgad (v12; 2.12); Adonikam (v13; 2.13); and Bigvai (v14; 2.14).

v15-20: There was a delay by the river, since there were no sons of Levi. Godly worship had to be maintained, and the right men were required. Ezra summoned leaders from the Levites, and Joiarib and Elnathan, men of learning and understanding, to return to find some Levites. Ezra knew where to send them, and to whom; to Iddo in Casiphia.

The delegation returned with Sherebiah, Hashabiah and Jeshaiah, together with temple servants. Ezra the spiritual man, saw and respected spiritual qualities in others.

v21-23: Once the Levites arrived, Ezra proclaimed a fast, to seek God. He was ashamed to ask for human help, in the form of soldiers to provide protection. Ezra led the people in prayer, and God answered their prayer.

v24-30: Ezra entrusted twelve priests with the articles for the temple, and the money given to them. This had been weighed, and the amounts written down (v34), so that nothing would go astray. Upon arrival in Jerusalem, they would be checked again. There were substantial amounts of gold and silver.

v31-32: The journey took about 4 months (see 7.9); the people enjoyed the protection of God.

v33-36: Having arrived in Jerusalem, the articles were checked and weighed, and the people joined together to worship God.

The instructions for the royal satraps (officials) were also delivered, so that further assistance would be provided for the people.